How Linux Stores Passwords: A Cyber Security Perspective

Linux stores passwords securely by using a cryptographic hash function to convert the password into a string of characters that cannot be converted back to the original password. This hash is then stored in a file called /etc/shadow, which is only accessible by the root user. The /etc/shadow file also includes other user account information such as password expiration dates and minimum password lengths.

Additionally, Linux uses a salt value along with the password to further enhance security. A salt is a randomly generated value that is combined with the password before hashing, making it harder for attackers to use precomputed tables (like rainbow tables) to crack passwords.

It's important to note that storing passwords securely is crucial in maintaining good cyber security practices. Using strong, unique passwords and implementing additional layers of authentication, such as two-factor authentication, can further protect user accounts from unauthorized access.