In Linux systems, password hashes are stored in the /etc/shadow file. This file contains encrypted password hashes and other security-related information for user accounts. The password hashes in this file are not stored in plain text but rather as a result of one-way cryptographic functions.
It is important to note that the /etc/shadow file is only accessible to the root user to prevent unauthorized access and potential security breaches. This adds an extra layer of security to the stored password hashes.
When a user logs in, the system hashes the entered password and compares it with the stored hash in the /etc/shadow file to authenticate the user.
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